Heritage Sanctuary for Geology at Jaflong, Bangladesh | Architecture Thesis

Site Context

Jaflong, located in Sylhet, Bangladesh, has long been valued for its diverse geological composition by geological researchers, educators, and students. The area is close to the border between Bangladesh and India, on the bank of the Piyain River. This region contains almost all of Bangladesh’s accessible siltstone layers in an exposed state. There are no other places in Bangladesh that have these layers.

The rich geological heritage of the region is exemplified by three Holocene deposits and five Tertiary formations. The site is notable for showcasing the exposed Shale formations, which date to the Eocene era, millions of years ago. The site sits at an elevation of 108 feet above sea level, and harbors 42 different species of plants, contributing to its ecological richness. 

Although there is minimal effect from adjacent stone quarries, the integrity of the site is occasionally threatened by illicit extraction activities. Several initiatives, including a geological museum, geopark, seismic observation centre, library, training centre, dormitory, and conference centre, are included in the project, which focuses on awareness, conservation, and geotourism in the region.

Design Process

(A) Emphasizing the influence of natural forces on the site, the location of the Kopli shale geological heritage has been taken into account, as has its depth and the estimated underground buffer radius. The design, which aims to keep the heritage as the main focus, is inspired by the shapes of the embedded stones and is reminiscent of Jaflong, Sylhet. It also incorporates the concept of integrating the massing seamlessly with its surroundings.

(B) Since the entire 22 acres have been declared as heritage, a minimal footprint massing has been designed, considering other scenic factors like the view of the Piyain River to the West and the view of Meghalaya in India to the North.

(C) The design is influenced by environmental factors, including the nearby Dawki faultline, and the concept of stabilising an environment against earthquake vulnerability. A cut-and-cover structure has been specifically chosen for the site due to a wealth of research showing its resilience in earthquake-prone areas. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the building has been improved through the use of space frames, truss systems in the roof, and shear walls. In addition, a geotechnical ground improvement method is proposed to reduce the likelihood of landslides in the hilly terrain. 

Final Outcome

Offering unique insights into the fascinating field of geology, the geological museum spans a wide range of sectors and showcases a collection of geological rocks collected from all over Bangladesh and the neighbouring countries. The geopark is the centre of attention for geotourism, drawing tourists from all walks of life to explore Jaflong’s geological treasures. Through their support of local businesses, this influx of tourists also makes a significant contribution to the economic vitality of the area. 

A walking trail with interactive and educational features has been designed, Picking guidelines from scientific researchers and UNESCO Global Geoparks. The addition of a dormitory at the contour site presented unique challenges in terms of spatial organization. Despite this, the dormitory blends with the concept into the site’s natural surroundings while accommodating the functional requirements of its guests.

The geological library has been designed considering the extensive collection of geological resources, with dedicated spaces for mapping tables and oversized research materials, ensuring convenient access and utilization of these specialized resources. Within the Seismic Observation Centre are a number of specialised laboratories as well as a team of researchers. These laboratories include the GPS Control Room, Seismograph Machine Room, Geomorphology Lab, Sedimentation Lab, and Instrumentation Lab.

Conclusion: By proposing a comprehensive geological museum, the project aims to ensure long-term sustainability, raise awareness, and promote geotourism. These efforts will not only conserve these invaluable natural resources for future generations but also foster an understanding of the deep interconnection between geology and biodiversity within a protected sanctuary setting.

[This Academic Project has been published with text submitted by the student]